Hardware



K. c. Buss Dec. 28, 1943.

HARDWARE 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 v INVENTOR.

C Bzgg. 40w 7 Original Filed Oct; 25, 1941 I Dec. 28, 1943.

' HARDWARE Original Filed 001:. 25, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 l I r glglglgiglilllml 1 K. c. BUQ'G 2,338,024

/05. I I C I Dec. 28, 1943. K. c. BUGG 2,338,024

.HARDWARE V Original Filed Oct. 25, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVFSNTOR.

By 765/ C. (7. 5 wa fgmg Patented Dec. 28, 1943 HARDWARE Kenly C. Brigg, Fort Wayne, Ind.

Original application October 25, 1941, Serial No. 416,456. Divided and this application January 23, 1942. Serial No. 427,895

9 'Claims.

This invention pertains to hardware, and more particularly to tools for operating (such as applying or removing) screws, bolts, nuts and the like.

It is an object of the invention to provide an inexpensive, easily manufactured, decorative fastener and the tools for operating the same, all of which fulfill all requirements of manufacture and service.

It is another object to provide tools for applying or removing a fastener having a head so constructed and arranged that it may be partially destroyed without rendering the fastener inoperative, the fastener being operative so long as an effective portion thereof, such as a wall, remains in the narrowest part of the head of the fastener.

Still another object is to provide tools for applying or removing a fastener wherein the head is circular and the operating or purchasing wall thereof is so constructed and arranged that burring is substantially eliminated, even though the fastener be used many times.

Yet another object is to provide tools for applying or removing a fastener wherein the head is so constructed and arranged that burring is substantially prevented above the topmost plane of the head, and though burring under extraordinary conditions may occur, it will occur laterally rather than axially, whereby no rough or uneven surfaces are exposed.

A further object is to provide a fastener which will readily grip or be gripped by the fastening or driving agent so that the fastener can be handled easily and expeditiously, even though applied with extreme rapidity, and in places normally inaccessible to ordinary fastening means.

A still further object is to provide fastening means and a driver therefor wherein it is substantially impossible for the driver to slip from driving position while said fastening means is being set or fastened.

A yet further object is to provide a fastener and driving means therefor so constructed and arranged, one with respect to the other, that the driver is piloted into a driving or engaging posi-- tion, which is advantageous in high speed or automatic driving.

Another object is to provide tools for applying or removing fastening means which may be readily manufactured by a plurality of methods, such as by boring, turning, coining or upsetting.

Another object is to provide fastening means having a head which is so constructed and arranged that it'will be of maximum strength, but when-the driver is applied thereto, the maximum effective driving faces between the fastening means and the driver are in contact.

Another object is to provide a safety screw which may be so constructed and arranged that it is necessary to use the same type of driver for removal as for application, so that in effect the screw serves as a lock.

Another object is to provide fastening means and a driver therefor, wherein the head of the fastenin means may be fashioned so that the means permitting rotation of the fastening means by the driver, and the complementary means of the driver, are always in the same relative position, as there are no parts of the head or driver to be specifically related, one to the other.

Another object is to provide fastener means and driving means therefor, wherein the head of the fastener means is so fashioned that the means permitting rotation of the fastener means by the driving means, and the complementary means of the driving means, are always in the same relative.

position through 360.

Another object is to provide fastening means and a driving means therefor, wherein the head of the fastening means may be fashioned so that the means permitting rotation of the fastening means by the driver, and the complementary means of the driver are eccentric, whereby said means have no specific position to be placed circumferentially through 360, so that only one position of said means of the head and driver need be matched.

Another object is to provide a fastener and a driver therefor, wherein the complementary means between the driver and the fastener are eccentric and, therefore, only one position of said means of the driver and fastener need be matched. 1

Another object is to provide a fastener and a driver therefor, wherein the complementary means between the driver and the fastener are so constructed and arranged that the body and/or rim portions are substantially circular, and the pilot, priming and/or driving portions are substantially circular but eccentrically disposed with respect to the respective body or rim portions.

Another object of the invention is to provide fastening means having the above advantages,

wherein means is provided permitting'emergency removal of the fastening by existing driver means such as the ordinary screw driver.

With these and various other objects in view, the invention may consist of certain novel features of construction and operationas will be more fully described and particularly pointed out in the specification, drawings and claims appended hereto.

In the drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the device, and wherein like reference characters are used to designate like parts- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a driver embodying the invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation through the female fastener engaging end of said driver, the same being taken substantially in the plane as indicated by the line 2-2 of Figure 3;

Figure 3 is a bottom plan View of the fastener engaging end of the driver illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the same looking upwardly as viewed in Figure 1;

Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional.

elevation showing one form of fastener head embodying the invention, which fastener may be in the form of a bolt, screw, etc.;

Figure 5 is a top plan view of the head illustrated in Figure 4;

Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional elevation of another form of fastener head embodying the invention;

Figure '7 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation of another form of driver. embodying the invention, the same. being inmale form;

Figure 8 is abottom plan view of the driver end illustrated in Figure '7 Figure 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of another form of fastener head embodying the invention, the same being adapted to be operated by the driver end illustrated in Figures 7 and 8;,

Figure 10 is a top plan view of the fastener head illustrated in Figure 9;

Figure 11 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation through another form of driver wherein there is provided an inner rotatable priming and pilot eccentric, said eccentric being a female;

Figure 12 is a bottom plan view of the driver illustrated in Figure 11;

Figure 13 is an elevation showing a male form of rotatable priming and pilot eccentric, to be used in place of the female form illustrated in Figure 11;

Figure 14 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of another form of driver having an inner priming and pilot eccentric and an outer relatively rotatable priming and pilot sleeve;

Figure 15 is a bottom plan View of the driver end illustrated in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a modified form of inner priming and pilot eccentric for use with the form of driver illustrated in Figure 1%, wherein the same shows a male type of eccentric for use with a female type of fastener;

Figure 1'7 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of a head for a threaded fastener wherein the pilot and priming stud is located on the longitudinal center line of the fastener;

Figure 18 is a top plan View of the head shown in Figure 17;

Figure 19 is an enlarged sectional elevation of an eccentric form of nut embodying the invention;

Figure 20 is a top plan view of the nut. shown in Figure 19;

Figure 21 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of the end of a driver for manipulating the nut illustrated in Figures 19 and 20;

Figure 22 is a bottomplan viewof the driver end illustrated in Figure 21;

Figure 23 is. an enlargedfragmentary section-- al elevation showing a modified form of nut adapted to be operated by the driver illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3;

Figure 24 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of the end of a driver for use with the head of the fastener illustrated in Figure 26;

Figure 25 is a bottom plan view of the end of the driver illustrated in Figure 24;

Figure 26 is a modified head of a fastening means such as a screw or bolt;

Figure 27 is a top plan view of a head illustrated in Figure 26;

Figure 28 is a top plan view of a form of fastening means, such as illustrated in Figures 4 or 6, wherein a slot is provided for removal of the fastening means as by an ordinary screw driver.

This application is a division of application Serial No. 416,456, filed October 25, 1941, for Hardware.

Referring first of all more particularly to the female form of driver illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, said driver consists essentially of a handle d0 of any desired shape, having the driving end 42 fixedly secured thereto. The end 42 is provided with a fastener engaging end 44, which end 44 is preferably substantially cylindrical for a distance from its extremity and is provided with a substantially cylindrical recess 46. The outer edge of the end (it is circular in plan, as is the recess 58, the recess 48, however, being eccentrically disposed with respect to the outer edge of the end M (Figures 2 and 3).

In the fastening means illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6, it is understood, of course, that said means may be either a bolt or a screw wherein the bodies, shanks or threaded portions 48 and A?) are provided with the heads 58 and 52, respectively. Said heads are recessed as at 54 and 56 to provide rims or outer walls 58 and G0, respec tively, of substantially constant thickness whereby the recesses 54 and 56 are concentric with the outer edge of the head, i. e., the centers of said recesses are on the longitudinal axes of the fastening means.

Adjacent the center of the head there is provided a projecting pilot and priming member or projection 82 and 84, respectively, the member 62 projecting above the plane of the head 50, whereas the projection 64 terminates below the plane of the head 52. Projections 62 and B4 are substantially cylindrical, and where used with the driver illustrated in Figure 1, the projections 62 and 64 are adapted to fit snugly within the recess 36, and the outer portion of the end 44 is adapted to be received within the rims 58 and Bi]. 1

As it is desirable that the outer portion of the end 44 fit within the rim 58 or 63, and the recess 46 receive the member 62 or 64 as quickly and positively as possible, the upper ends of the members 62 and 64 are disposed, respectively, above and below the plane of the head in order to facilitate the application of the driver to the heads, i. e., in order that there be a piloting action.

By slightly turning the driver with respect to the head, the pilot and priming member 62 and the priming member 54 cause the thickened portion of the member 44 (Figure 3) to move toward the narrowest portion of the heads, thereby causing a wedging action to hold the fastening member to the driver and/or permit rotation of the fastening member by the driver. Of course, rotation of the driver in.a reversed direction causes a wedging action in a reversed direction to permit removal of the fastening member, and it will be seen that so long as any.

tially cylindrical male pilot member 60 eccenw trically disposed with respect to the longitudinal center line of the driver, the male pilot member being disposed adjacent the concentric cylindrical drive member 68. The member 68 is disposed below the shoulder 10 of the driver, said shoulder I being provided with the face or plane I2 adapted to engage the top face or plane I4 of the head 16 of the form of fastener shown in Figures 9 and 10.

The head 16 of the fastener shown in Figures 9 and 10 is provided on the body member 18 with a screw or bolt, and said head is providedwith the concentric recess 80, preferably of substantially the same depth as the member 68, for receiving'the cylindrical member 58, and said head is provided with the eccentric recess 82 for receiving the male pilot member 66. In plan (Figure 10) it will be seen that the recess 02 is not tangent to recess 80, and the same is true of the tool, i. e., in plan (Figure 8) the projection 35 is not tangent with the projection 88. Thus tipping is prevented. Therefore, when the member 63 is inserted inthe recess 82, the member 58 is received in the recess 80, the plane l2 abutting the top of the rim "I4. Rotatingthe driver causes rotation of the fastener due to the wedging action caused by the eccentric disposition of the recess 82.

In the driver shown in Figures 11 and 12, the body orhandle portion 84 is provided with the outer fixed priming and pilot sleeve 86 se- The pilot sleeve 86 is cured thereto as at 88. provided with the diminished substantially cylindrical end 90 eccentrically bored as at 92 and receiving the inner rotatable priming and pilot eccentric 94. The eccentric 94 is substantially cylindrical and is provided with the substantially cylindrical recess 86 which may be serrated and is eccentric to the eccentric 34, said eccentric being provided with the shoulder 98 adapted to engage the retaining shoulder I00 of the sleeve 85. A spring I02 is disposed between the shoulder 98 and the body portion 84 urging the eccentric outwardly, i. e., toward the position illustrated in Figure 11.

Where a driver of this character is to be used for a head similar to that shown in Figure 9, the priming eccentric I04 illustrated in Figure 13 is used in place of the eccentric 94. Said eccentric I04 is similar to the eccentric 94, being provided with the shoulder 98, but in place of the recess 35, a pilot member I03 isprovided inwardly of the periphery of the eccentric I04 for reception within the recess 82, said member I05 being substantially cylindrical and disposed concentric with the axis of the end 80, but eccentric to the eccentric I84.

In the fastening means shown in Figures 17 and 18, the body portion I08 of the screw or bolt is provided with the head I I0, said head being recessed as at I i2 to provide the concentric rim H4, and the concentric substantially cylindrical pilot and priming stud H8, which may be flush with the plane of the rim or may terminate above or below said plane as shown in Figures 4 and 6. i

When it is desired to utilize the driver 1111154 trated in Figures 11 and 12 to apply the fastening means illustrated in Figures 17 and 18, the driver is moved so that the recess 96 receives the stud H5, and movement of the driver 84 toward the head compresses the spring moving eccentric 94 inwardly against the spring until the end is received in the recess H2, whereupon rotated movement of the driver 84 in either direction will rotate said fastener in said direction due to the cam actionbetween'stud H6,

eccentric 94, end 90 and rim H4, the stud serving to prime the driver end into wedging posi-- tion with respect to the rim. .Of course, a similar action takes place when a driver is used with the eccentric I04 to rotate a bolt or screw having a head similar to that shown in Figure 9.

In the form of driver illustrated in Figures 14 and 15, the driving member H8 to. which the handle is fixed is provided with a shoulder I20, and the cylindrical end I22, the axis of said cy-' lindrical end coinciding with the axis of the driving member H8. The end 122 is provided with the substantially cylindrical eccentric recess I24 which may be serrated. A spring I20 is disposed between the shoulder I20 and the shoulder I28 of the pilot and operating sleeve I30, said sleeve I30 being provided with a cylindrical end I32 provided with the eccentric bore I34 for slidably receiving the end I22. The fastening means I35 is fastened to the sleeve I30 and is adapted to abut the shoulder I20 when the end I22 is in withdrawn position as shown in Figure 14.

Thus, when this type of driver is used with the I fastener illustrated in Figures 17 and 18, the member I32 operates as a pilot, being received within the recess I I2, and the main driving portion H8 may be rotated if necessary and moved downwardly until the recess I24 receives the stud IIB, whereupon continued rotation of the member H8 in either direction will rotate the fastening member. In the event it is desired to use the type of driver illustrated in Figure 14 with ber H8 is depressed against the spring I23, the

portion I32 of the sleeve having been received in the recess 80. The operating movement is similar to that already described. 1

Figures 19 and 20 illustrate a circular nut I38 provided with the main body portion I40 and an eccentric circular portion I42, the threads I44 being disposed through portions I40 and I42 and concentric to the portion I40.

In Figures 21 and 22, the driver for the nut I38 is illustrated wherein the driver end I46 is provided with the eccentric recess I43 adapted to receive the eccentric portion I42 of the nut I33. The main recess I50 adjacent the recess I48 is adapted to receive the body portion I40 of said nut, whereby the nut may be rotated in either direction by a camming action.

Referring to Figure 23, a modified form of nut is provided wherein the cylindrical body portion I52 is provided having the concentric threaded portion I54, the recess I58 being disposed to provide the outer rim I58 of constant thickness. An upstanding eccentric projection N50 is provided and, while the projection I60 is shown in Figure 23 as extended above the plane of the rim I58, it is understood it may extend below said plane illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, and in a manner already described for the bolts or screws shownin Figures l, 5 and 6;

In the bolt or screw illustrated. in Figures 26' and 27, the body portion I 62 of said bolt or screwv is provided with the cylindrical concentric head I64, said head being provided with the cylindrical concentric portion I66 and the eccentric cylindrical portion I68 ofiset laterally of the periphery of the portion IE6 so that in plan (Figure 2'1) the portion I68 is not tangent to the portion I66. The driver for said bolt or screw shown in Figures 26 and 27 is illustrated in Figures 24 and 25 wherein the end member I1Il of said driver is'provided with the concentric cylindrica1 aperture or recess I12 adapted to receive the cylindrical portion I65 of the head of the bolt or screw, the end plane I1 3- of said driver abutting the top plane I16 of the cylindrical head I64, the eccentric portion ltd being received in the complementary cylindrical eccentric recess Hi5.

of the driver end member I'lil. Thus, the recess I18 is offset laterally of the recess H2 so that in plan (Figure 25) recess I18 is not tangent to recess I12. Rotation of said head of the bolt or screw may, of course, be had in either direction,

by the driver illustrated in Figures 24 and 25 through the camming action already described.

In Figure 28 the form of head illustrated in Figure 4 is shown. In this construction the head 50 is provided with a. rim 58, the projection of stud 62 and the recess 5d. But in this form a slot I88 is provided extending diametrically at the head but in any position within 360. This slot is used merely for emergency removal or application of the fastener by an ordinary screw driver, as the other forms of drivers illustrated herein are preferred for the reasons such as set forth in the objects herein. While the form of head illustrated in Figure 4 is modified as shown in Figure 28, it is of course understood that this emergency slot may be applied to the other forms of fastening means described herein. This slot is made possible as the screw or bolt heads shown herein are operable eventhough a portion of the rim or stud is removed.

The forms of fasteners and drivers illustrated are very inexpensive to make, and they are of a priming nature whereby the fasteners can be applied to the driver end, and thus out of the way places may be readily reached. The priming is positive, and slippage of the driver from the head is minimized whereby the adjacent work or material is not likely to be damaged, and the drivers and fasteners are long lived as there is little danger of burring or destruction. The fasteners and drivers are readily adapted to automatic or power driven tools. Although all forms of screws or bolts are not shown, it is of course understood that the above inventions are equally applicable to countersunk headsor bodies, and areequally applicable to set screws, etc.

It is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the exact embodiments of the device shown, which are-merely by way of illustration and not limitation, as various and other forms of the device will of course be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing. from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

I claim: 1. A tool for operating fastening means, said toolhaving an operating member, a cylindrical This type of nut is adapted to be set by the type'of driver shoulder provided on said operating member, an end non-rotatably mounted withrespect to said operating member, said end having a substantially cylindrical tip providedv with eccentric fastener engaging means, a rotatable member rotatably mounted with respect to said end, said rotatable member being provided with a substantially cylindrical surface eccentric with respect to said cylindrical tip, and resilient means between said shoulder and rotatable member urging saidrotatable member to a position where saidcylindrical-surface projects beyond the end of said cylindrical tip.

2. A tool for operating fastening means, said tool having an operating member, a cylindrical shoulder provided on said operating member, an

end non-rotatably mounted with respect to saidoperating member, said end having a substantially cylindrical tip provided with an eccentric fastener engaging recessdisposed at the outer end thereof, a rotatable member rotatably mounted with respect to said end, said rotatable member being provided with a substantially cylindrical surface eccentric with respect to saidcylindrical tip, and resilient means between said shoulder and rotatable member urging said rotatable member to a position where said cylindrical surface'projects beyond the end of said cylindrical tip.

3. A tool for operating fastening means, said tool having an operating member, a substantially cylindrical member having eccentric fastener engaging means, and an outer member having an eccentric bore in which said substantially cylindrical member is movable, said operating member being secured to one of said other members whereby rotation of said operating member rotates one of said other member, said outer member having a cylindrical fastener engaging end portion, said cylindrical member and said outer member being relatively rotatable whereby said fastener engaging means and fastener engaging end portion are relatively movable to permit fastener moving operation of said tool.

l. A tool for operating fastening means, said tool having an operating-member, a substantially cylindrical member having an eccentric fastener engaging recess, and an outer member having an eccentric bore in which said substantially cylindrical member is movable, said operating member being secured to one of said other members whereby rotation of said operating member rotates one of said other members, said-outer mem-- ber having a cylindrical fastener engaging endportion, said cylindrical member and said outer member being relatively rotatable whereby said fastener engaging recess and fastener engaging end portion are relatively movable to permit fastener moving operation of said tool.

5. A tool for operating fastening means comprising a handle portion, a pilot sleeve secured to said handle portion to be rotated thereby, said sleeve having a substantially cylindrical fastener engaging end having an eccentric bore, said in said cylindrical member, rotation of said handle portion causing a wedging, fastener opera.- tion when said fastener engaging end and said fastener engaging means are in engagement with a fastener.

6. A tool for operating fastening means comprising a handle portion, a pilot sleeve secured to said handle portion to be rotated thereby, said sleeve having a substantially cylindrical fastener engaging end having an eccentric bore, said sleeve having a larger bore communicating with said first named bore whereby a shoulder is provided, a substantially cylindrical member rotatably mounted in said eccentric bore and having a shoulder engageable with said first named shoulder, resilient means disposed in said second bore for urging said shoulders into engagement, said cylindrical member extending beyond said sleeve when said shoulders are in engagement, an eccentric fastener engaging recess disposed in said cylindrical member, rotation of said handle portion causing a wedging fastener operation when said fastener engaging end and said fastener engaging recess are in engagement with a fastener.

'7. A tool for operating fasteners of the type having a head provided with a cylindrical recess, the inner surface of which forms a tool engaging rim and priming means projecting from the base of said recess and spaced inwardly from and eccentrically of said rim, said tool having a tool end for engaging the head of such fastener, and means for rotating said tool end, said tool end having a substantially cylindrical fastener engaging outer surface for engaging said rim, said tool end being provided with a substantially cylindrical fastener receiving recess disposed in said end for engaging the priming means substantially simultaneously with engagement between said outer surface and said rim, said recess being disposed eccentrically with respect to said outer surface and spaced inwardly therefrom, the axis of said outer surface extending through said recess but being spaced from the axis of said recess.

8. A tool for operating fasteners of the type having a head provided with a cylindrical recess, the inner surface of which forms a tool engaging rim and priming means projecting from the base of said recess and spaced inwardly from and eccentrically of said rim, said tool having a tool end for engaging the head of such fastener, and means for rotating said tool end, said tool end having a substantially cylindrical fastener engaging outer surface for engaging said rim, said tool end having a single cylindrical fastener engaging recess at the outer end for engaging the priming means substantially simultaneously with engagement between said outer surface and said rim, said recess being eccentrically disposed in said tool end for receiving said priming means and spacedinwardly from the said surface, the axis of said end portion extending through said recess but being spaced from the axis of said recess.

9. A tool for operating fasteners of the type having a head provided with a cylindrical recess, the inner surface of which forms a tool engaging rim and priming means projecting from the base of said recess and spaced inwardly from and eccentrically of said rim, said tool having a tool end having a tip provided with a substantially cylindrical external fastener engaging surface, said tip having substantially cylindrical fastener engaging means for engaging said priming means simultaneously with engagement of the rim by said surface, said fastener engaging means being eccentrically disposed Within the periphery of said tip and spaced inwardly of said surface, the axis of said tip extending through said fastener engaging means but spaced from the axis of said fastener engaging means.

KENLY C. BUGG. 

